France recognized New Caledonia as a “state within a state”: what is known

France has moved closer to historic recognition of New Caledonia as a “state within a state” after signing a draft agreement granting the overseas archipelago greater sovereign powers. The new political structure will be enshrined in the French Constitution, but the island will remain part of the country.

This was reported by the press service of the French government.

On Saturday, July 12, the French central government and all political parties in New Caledonia signed a draft agreement that would significantly expand the overseas territory’s autonomy. The agreement was the result of a summit held on July 2 with the participation of President Emmanuel Macron.

The key point of the document is the creation of a unique status of the “State of New Caledonia” within France, which will be legally enshrined in the Constitution of the French Republic. It is expected that the basic law of New Caledonia will be adopted in 2026.

Main provisions:

• Residents of the island will receive dual citizenship – New Caledonia and France. The loss of French citizenship will mean the automatic loss of local citizenship.
• The document sets out clear criteria for acquiring New Caledonian citizenship.
• The archipelago will receive broader powers in domestic politics, the economy, and international relations, but Paris will retain control over defense, security, and justice.
• France is committed to promoting the expanded international presence of New Caledonia and its economic development.

French government officials called the signing of the agreement a “historic step.” Prime Minister François Bayrou said the outcome of the negotiations was a matter of national pride.

The next stage will be the development of a draft amendment to the French Constitution to give the new status legal force.

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